If you suffer from migraines, you might think you would already be well aware of the fact. After all, unlike many of the under- or misdiagnosed ailments cropping up in the news today, migraines are a well-known phenomenon. Interestingly, though, some estimates suggest that as many as half of all migraine sufferers mistakenly think of their condition as “just a headache.”

Around 17% of Americans experience a migraine at some point during their lives, while about 13% report having had one or more migraines in the last three months.

A migraine is defined as a severe, throbbing headache, often in conjunction with other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and/or sensitivity to light. In some cases, pain is felt only on one side of the head. Often, a migraine sufferer will experience a visual disturbance, referred to as an “aura,” before the onset of the headache. Auras serve as a warning sign that a migraine is on the way, and may present as blurred vision, seeing stars, or tunnel vision, among other possibilities.

The vast majority of migraine sufferers — more than two thirds, in fact – are women, and the condition often runs in families.

The root cause of a migraine is chemical changes in the brain that affect blood flow in and around the brain. Though researchers have been studying migraines for years, and a number of triggers have been identified, no one knows exactly why they happen.

Common migraine triggers include: consumption of alcohol, stress, anxiety, perfumes or other fragrances, loud noises, bright lights, smoking, caffeine withdrawal, hormonal changes, loss of sleep, strenuous exercise, and missed meals. Many foods can also trigger migraines. These include, but are not limited to: foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG), foods that are high in sodium (pickles, processed foods), foods that contain sulfites, nitrates, or tyramine (red wine, cheese, smoked fish, chicken livers, figs, some beans, bacon, hot dogs, salami, cured meats), onions, chocolate, nuts and nut butters, and dairy products.

Over-the-counter medications have a limited impact on migraines, and many people who experience regular migraines opt for a prescription medication. There are a few home remedies that can help to lessen the frequency of migraines, or even soothe them after onset. Here’s a look at some of the most common:

– Drink plenty of water — Dehydration is a major cause of all types of headaches, including migraines. Be sure to stay hydrated, especially in the heat of summer.

– Take fish oil — Fish oil improves circulation, which could potentially reduce the frequency or severity of migraines.

– Try a supplement — Doses of about 400 milligrams per day of magnesium and B2 (Riboflavin) have been shown to reduce the frequency of migraines, especially in women.

– Take butterbur — Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) is a member of the daisy family, native to Europe, North America, and Asia. Traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments, including headaches, inflammation, and asthma, researchers have found it to be exceptionally effective at treating migraines. It can be purchased in pill form.

– Have a cup of Joe — Caffeine restricts blood vessels, which, for some people, can help. Be careful, though. Too much caffeine can also cause headaches for some. It’s also easy to become dependent on caffeine and suffer from withdrawal headaches.

– Tie one on — A headband or bandana, that is … Some migraine sufferers find that applying pressure to the head can ease symptoms.

– Rub on some peppermint oil — Similar to sports rubs that soothe painful joints or muscles, peppermint oil can sooth an aching head.

– Eat ginger — If nausea accompanies your migraines, ginger can help. It has long been used to treat upset stomachs and motion sickness.

Jaime McLeod is a longtime journalist who has written for a wide variety of newspapers, magazines, and websites, including MTV.com. She enjoys the outdoors, growing and eating organic food, and is interested in all aspects of natural wellness.

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